Reference tables
The tables chemistry students actually pull up. Sources cited where the values come from a primary reference (NIST, IUPAC, CRC).
Common Acid-Base (pH) Indicators — Colors and Transition Ranges
Pick an acid-base indicator the way you'd pick the right key for a lock: its transition range has to...
Activity Series of Metals
The activity series is the lookup you reach for when you need to predict, on the spot, whether a sin...
Bond Dissociation Energies — Common Chemical Bonds
Bond dissociation energies are the workhorse numbers for estimating reaction enthalpy when you don't...
Common Polyatomic Ions — Names, Formulas, and Charges
When you're naming an ionic compound or writing its formula and need the charge on permanganate or t...
Common Polyatomic Ions — Names, Formulas, and Charges
Pull this up when you're working through Lewis structures, predicting precipitation reactions, or ba...
Density of Common Substances — Elements, Compounds, and Materials
Density is the conversion factor between mass and volume — pull this table when you've measured a li...
Electron Affinity Values — First Electron Affinities of the Elements
Electron affinity tells you how much an isolated gas-phase atom 'wants' to grab an electron — a numb...
Electronegativity Values (Pauling Scale) for Common Elements
Pull electronegativity values when predicting bond polarity, ranking dipole strengths in a series of...
Flame Test Colors — Metal Ion Identification
Flame tests are the cheapest qualitative screen for metal cations: dip a clean wire in a chloride sa...
Organic Functional Groups — Names, Structures, and Properties
When you stare at an unfamiliar organic structure, the first move is identifying the functional grou...
Gas Constants and Physical Constants — Chemistry Reference Values
The ideal gas law works only when the units of R match your pressure and volume — pick the wrong R a...
First Ionization Energies of the Elements
First ionization energy — the kJ/mol needed to pull one electron off a gaseous neutral atom — is the...
Molecular Geometry Shapes — VSEPR Theory Reference
VSEPR predicts molecular shape by counting electron domains around the central atom — bonds (single,...
Organic Nomenclature Prefixes — IUPAC Carbon Chain Names
IUPAC names for straight-chain hydrocarbons run on a strict prefix system: meth-, eth-, prop-, but- ...
Periodic Trends Summary — Atomic Properties Across the Periodic Table
Most periodic-table questions reduce to one move: predict how a property changes across a period and...
Solubility Chart — Ionic Compounds in Water
Solubility rules are qualitative shortcuts for predicting whether an ionic compound dissolves in wat...
Solubility Rules for Ionic Compounds in Water
Solubility rules are the qualitative shortcuts for predicting whether an ionic compound dissolves in...
Specific Heat Capacity Values for Common Substances
Specific heat capacity (c) is the energy required to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Cel...
Standard Enthalpies of Formation (ΔHf°) for Common Compounds
The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound forms f...
Standard Reduction Potentials (E°) Table
Standard reduction potentials (E°) rank half-reactions by their tendency to gain electrons under sta...
Strong Acids and Bases — Complete Ionization Reference
A strong acid or base is one that ionizes essentially completely in dilute aqueous solution — the di...
Standard Enthalpies of Formation (ΔH°f) for Common Compounds
This table bundles the three standard thermodynamic quantities you need for full reaction analysis: ...
Vapor Pressure of Water at Various Temperatures
Water's saturation vapor pressure from 0 °C to 100 °C in mmHg, kPa, and atm. Use these values whenev...